Improvement in hot-blast ovens



J. YOUNG. I'mproyemeht .in Hot-B last Ovens.

Patented Sep. 3,1872..

fUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JESSE YOUNG, OF PORTSMOUTH, OHIO, ASSIGNOR rIO PHILIP O. YOUNG.

IMPROVEMENT IN HOT-BLAST OVENS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,143 dated September3, 1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JESSE YOUNG, of Portsmouth, in the county of Sciotoand State of Ohio, have invented a new and Improved Hot- Blast Oven; andI do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming apartof this specilication and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The object of my invention is to construct an oven or stove for heatingthe air supplied to a blast-furnace, in such a manner that the air, inits passage through the same, shall be exposed to a relatively largerheating-surface than in any other hot-blast oven hitherto known or used;also to make provision for the escape of carbonio-acid gas or othergases which do not support combustion, so that the temperature withinthe oven may be raised to any desirable degree by the use of stone-coalor other similar fuel; and to construct the heatingpipes and otherportions of the oven with a comparatively small weight of metal, and insuch a manner as to provide against lateral and vertical deflectionunder a high degree of heat. The nature of my invention consists inmaking the heating-pipes in a novel and peculiar manner, which willhereinafter be more fully described, so that a very large heating-4surface is obtained with a comparatively small weight of metal, and sothat the pipes are not liable to lateral or vertical deflection whenexposed to a high degree of heat; and in the use of a T-shaped bar, incombination with the said pipes, for the purpose of further preventingthe tendency to or possibility of vertical deiiection. It also consistsin constructing the lower portion of the oven in two separatecompartments, and providing damper-doors in the partition-Wall betweenthe same, for the purpose of allowing the escape of carbonio-acid gasand other gases which will not support combustion, so that stone-coaland other similar fuel may be used with advantage for heating the pipes;and it further consists in supporting the cross-plate upon which thechimney rests upon iron columns above the crown Aof the oven.

To enable others skilled in the art to make 'and use my invention I willproceed more particularly to describe its construction and operation.

Figure l represents a side elevation of my improved hot-blast oven. Fig.2 is a transverse vertical section ofthe sametakenthrou gh the line l 2in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a detached horizontal transverse section takenthrough the line3 et in Fig. 2. Fig. 4is a longitudinal sectionalelevation of one of the heating-pipes. Fig. 5 is a transverse section ofthe same taken through the line 5 6 in Fig. 4.'

Letters of like name and kind indicate Alike parts in each of thefigures.

A and A represent the base of my improved oven, which is divided intotwo chambers by means of a partition-wall, a, which runs transverselythrough the center, connecting with the side walls b b. In the chamberA, which is divided into two compartments by means of a partition wall,c, running lengthwise through the center, and extending upward to theunder sides of thefrst tier of heating-pipes, are the ire-grates d d andash-pits, neither of which require particular description; andimmediately over the kgrates d d, and at a convenient distancetherefrom, is an arch, e, of suitable material, provided withAperforations sufficient in number and diameter to allow the freepassage of flames and heat into the upper chamber of the oven. In thepartition-wall a are two openings, each located immediately in front ofone of the fire-grates d, and a little above the same, for each of whichopenings is provided a damper or door, f, hinged in any suitable mannerto the wall a,`and which kare opened and closed by means of leversextending outside of the front sidewall b. By means of this constructionand arrangement of the base of the oven, when an undue proportion ofcarbonio-acid gas or other similar gas prevails in the chamber A it maybe thrown into the chamber A. B B are the lower frameplates, the formerof which, B, rests upon the top ofthe side walls b bf, and the latter,b', rest in like manner within the end walls g g. These plates are madeof cast metal of suitable thickness and width, and extend the entirelength of the side and end walls. The two plates which tioned, whichlatter are cleated for the purpose of receiving the base of the columns,and keeping them in position. Each of thesecolumns is formed of tworectangular cast-iron plates, of suitable width and thickness, andcorresponding in length to the height of the upper chambers of the oven,in which the heating-pipes are placed. These plates are placed in avertical position at the corners of the structure, with their lower endsresting upon the frame-plates at right angles with each other, so as toform a square column, the angle of which stands toward the inner side ofthe oven, as seen in Fig. 3, while they form a triangular recessoutside, and are braced by means of triangular brace-plates D, cast tothe plates. The four plates, which are placed at right angles with theline of the side walls, are wider than the others, and are provided ontheir inner face with cleats h h h, upon which rest the ends of bars i ii which support the heating-pipes E. Midway between these Cornercolumns, on the sides, and corresponding in height or length with thesaid columns, are T-shaped columns F F, which are also formed of twocast-iron plates. On the inner faces of these columns, which stand atright angles to the line of the side walls b b, are provided cleats h'h' h', corresponding with the cleats h h h, already mentioned, whichreceive the other ends of the bearing or supporting bars i t' i. Thesebars i i i, which are for the purpose of supporting the heating-pipes,are made of cast-iron plates, about one inch thick, and having a ribcast on each edge for the purpose of imparting additional strength. Asbefore mentioned, the ends of these bars rest upon the cleats h h and h'7L'. Upon the upper ends of the columns C C C C and F F rest the upperframe-plates G G G', which correspond with the lower frame-plates B Band B' B'. E are the heating-pipes, which are rectangular in form, andare divided vertically into two narrow branches, except for a shortdistance at their ends. where the two branches connect, as seen in Figs.4 and 5. A vertical bar or stay,j, is provided at or near the middle ofthe pipe, between the two branches, for the purpose of keeping the samefirmly in position and preventing lateral iiexure; and upon the outerside of each are cleats 7c 7c, which, when the pipes are in position inthe oven, lit closely against the corresponding cleats on the pipesimmediately adjoining, and are for the purpose of imparting lateralsupport. Ou the upper side ofthe pipe, immediately over the vertical barj, is a cleat, o, placed transversely across the pipes, which isprovided with a flange on each edge, by which means a groove or recessis formed which runs across the top of each tier of pipes when placed inposition upon the bars z' in the oven; and when so placed in position abar, l, made in the form of a T-rail, and of sufficient length to reachacross the tier of pipes, is shoved in along this grove, so that itsupper edge comes in contact with the lower sides of the next tier oi'pipes above. By this means a firm support is provided for each tier ofpipes, and the possibility of vertical deflection is entirely obvia-tedrlhe inner surfaces of the heating-pipes are corrugated by providing twoconvex cones, each half an inch high and half an inch wide at the base,upon each square inch of surface, as seen in Fig. 5, by which means thearea ot' heating surface is nearly doubled, and at the same time thelateral strength of the pipes is increased. These cones are placed insuch a position relatively with each other that the air will movethrough the cavities at a slight angle with the line ot' the pipe. Atthe upper side of one end of the pipe, and secured by a suitable jointwithin a perforation provided in the same, is a connecting-tube, m, theend of which passes through a perforation provided on the under side ofthe end of the heatingpipe next immediately above; and on the un'- derside of the other end is a perforation for receiving the connecting-tubem at the end of the heating-pipe next immediately underneath the same.The upper portion of the oven, in which are the heating pipes, isdivided into two chambers by the partition-wall a, which is extended upto the crown arch I. J J are oblong cast -iron chests or boxshapedpipes, secured in a horizontal position underneath the frame-plate B,and resting upon or within tho side wall b in front of the chambers Aand A'. These pipes are closed at their ends, and are each provided witha perforation or openin g of suitable dimensions on their front side, atthe center, the perforation in J' being for the purpose of admitting theair which forms the blast into the oven, and that in J for dischargingthe same when heated. The blast is admitted into the pipe J, from whenceit passes through perforations provided on its upper side and in theframe-plate B, which receive the connecting-pipes m into theheating-pipes E in the upper chamber A. After traveling through theheating-pipes in the chamber A', it is conducted to those in the otherchamber, A, by means of the pipes or chests K K, which rest upon theupper frame-plate Gr, and are similar in construction to the pipes J J',except that they have no perforation to admit the outer air, and areconnected by means of a connectingpipe, L. By means of these pipes K K'and L L' the blast is admitted into the heatingpipes in the upperchamber A, and after passing through the same is received into the pipeor chests J', from whence it passes in aheated condition to the tuyere.4I l' represent the crown of the oven, which is formed of two archesspanning the chambers A A', and rests upon the inner edges of the upperframe-plates. These arches may be formed of re-brick or other suitablematerial, with an opening in the center of each for allowing the passageof the smoke from the oven to the chimneys N N. O O' are cross-plateswhich support the chimneys, and which are cast-iron plates of suitablethickness and proper dimensions. Side ribs t t are cast upon each ed gcof these plates for the purpose of strengthening the same. P P P P arethe columns which support the chimney-plates just mentioned. Thesecolumns are formed of p flat metal plates supported in a verticalposition upon the upper frame-plates, and correspond in width to thewidth of the end of the chimney-plate which rests thereon. T-shapedplates, which form the base and cap of each column, are castupon itsupper andlower edges. R R are dampers for regulating the-draft. Thesemay be made of any suitable form and material, and operated in anyconvenient and wellknown manner. S S are the doors which close the sidesof the upper chambers of the oven, andwhich are hung upon the cornercolumns with wrought-iron hinges, and close against the columns F F.They may be made in any suitable manner and lined with fire-clay. V areport-holes for allowing access to the interior. T is a shortconnecting-liuc built between the crown I and chimney-plates, which doesnot require particular description.

The advantages of my invention are obvious, and may be briefly stated asfollows: In the first place, by means of the novel and peculiar form ofthe heatingpipes, I am enabled to obtain a very large heating-surfacewith comparativcly a very small amount of metal used in theirconstruction; and they are so constructed as to be almost entirely freefrom liability to vertical deflection. They are also provided with suchlateral and vertical support that there is no danger of their becomingdisplaced. It will also beseen that the air in its passage through thepipes is spread out into thin sheets, and is thus brought more perfectlyinto contact with the heating-surfaces. Again,

by means of my improved method of arranging the lower chambers of theoven, when anundue proportion of carbonic acid or other similar gaseswhich do not support combustion are accumulated, the same may be thrownon, so that stone-coa-l, and other similar fuel may be used for heatingmy improved oven with the best results; and I may also state that thedust and sootmayberemoved, when necessary, by means of the ports W inthe end walls, which are on a level with the spaces between the tiers ofheating-pipes.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1.'The heating-pipes E, constructed substantially as described, for thepurposes set forth,

2. The heating-pipes E, constructed substantiallyr as described, incombination with the T-shaped bar l, for the purpose speeiied.

3. The relative arrangement of the chambers A A', partition-wall c, anddampers f, substantially as herein shown and described, and for thepurposes set forth.

4. I also claim the heating-pipes E, constructed substantially asdescribed, provided with conical corrugations on their inner surfaces,as herein shown and described, for the purposes specified.

5. I claim supporting the chimney N over the crown I of a hot-blastoven, upon iron columns P, substantially in the manner described, andfor the purposes set forth.

JESSE YOUNG.

Witnesses: Y

PH. ZUELLNER, THEO. BURKHART.

